by:  Randy D. Ralph, MLIS, Ph.D.
In place January 4, 2001.  Copyright © 2001 Randy D. Ralph.  All rights reserved.

Special Characters

Sorted by ASCII Code

Text Functions

Greek Character Set
Character Produced	Entity Code	ASCII Code	Metacharacter Description	ISO Desig
Α	Α	Α	uppercase alpha	ISOgrk3
α	α	α	lowercase alpha	ISOgrk3
Β	Β	Β	uppercase beta	ISOgrk3
β	β	β	lowercase beta	ISOgrk3
Γ	Γ	Γ	uppercase gamma	ISOgrk3
γ	γ	γ	lowercase gamma	ISOgrk3
Δ	Δ	Δ	uppercase delta	ISOgrk3
δ	δ	δ	lowercase delta	ISOgrk3
Ε	Ε	Ε	uppercase epsilon	ISOgrk3
ε	ε	ε	lowercase epsilon	ISOgrk3
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	uppercase zeta	ISOgrk3
ζ	ζ	ζ	lowercase zeta	ISOgrk3
Η	Η	Η	uppercase eta	ISOgrk3
η	η	η	lowercase eta	ISOgrk3
Θ	Θ	Θ	uppercase theta	ISOgrk3
θ	θ	θ	lowercase theta	ISOgrk3
	ϑ	ϑ	lowercase theta symbol Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOgrk3
Ι	Ι	Ι	uppercase iota	ISOgrk3
ι	ι	ι	lowercase iota	ISOgrk3
Κ	Κ	Κ	uppercase kappa	ISOgrk3
κ	κ	κ	lowercase kappa	ISOgrk3
Λ	Λ	Λ	uppercase lambda	ISOgrk3
λ	λ	λ	lowercase lambda	ISOgrk3
Μ	Μ	Μ	uppercase mu	ISOgrk3
μ	μ	μ	lowercase mu See also µ	ISOgrk3
Ν	Ν	Ν	uppercase nu	ISOgrk3
ν	ν	ν	lowercase nu	ISOgrk3
Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	uppercase xi	ISOgrk3
ξ	ξ	ξ	lowercase xi	ISOgrk3
Ο	Ο	Ο	uppercase omicron	ISOgrk3
ο	ο	ο	lowercase omicron	ISOgrk3
Π	Π	Π	uppercase pi See also ∏	ISOgrk3
π	π	π	lowercase pi	ISOgrk3
	ϖ	ϖ	greek pi symbol Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOgrk3
Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	uppercase rho	ISOgrk3
ρ	ρ	ρ	lowercase rho	ISOgrk3
Σ	Σ	Σ	uppercase sigma See also ∑	ISOgrk3
ς	ς	ς	lowercase final sigma	ISOgrk3
σ	σ	σ	lowercase sigma	ISOgrk3
Τ	Τ	Τ	uppercase tau	ISOgrk3
τ	τ	τ	lowercase tau	ISOgrk3
Υ	Υ	Υ	uppercase upsilon	ISOgrk3
υ	υ	υ	lowercase upsilon	ISOgrk3
	ϒ	ϒ	uppercase upsilon symbol with hook Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOgrk3
Φ	Φ	Φ	uppercase phi	ISOgrk3
φ	φ	φ	lowercase phi	ISOgrk3
Χ	Χ	Χ	uppercase chi	ISOgrk3
χ	χ	χ	lowercase chi	ISOgrk3
Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	uppercase psi	ISOgrk3
ψ	ψ	ψ	lowercase psi	ISOgrk3
Ω	Ω	Ω	uppercase omega	ISOgrk3
ω	ω	ω	lowercase omega	ISOgrk3

Symbol Characters
Character Produced	Entity Code	ASCII Code	Metacharacter Description	ISO Desig
	ℵ	ℵ	alef symbol first transfinite cardinal alef NOT the same as the Hebrew letter alef Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsc
¶	¶	¶	pilcrow paragraph sign	ISOnum
§	§	§	section sign	ISOnum
†	†	†	dagger	ISOpub
‡	‡	‡	double dagger	ISOpub
¬	¬	¬	not sign	ISOnum
—	—	—	M dash	ISOpub
–	–	–	N dash	ISOpub
‾	‾	‾	overline overscore	ISOpub
¦	¦	¦	broken bar broken vertical bar	ISOnum
‌	‌	‌	zero width non-joiner Not yet implemented in Netscape 6.0	ISOpub
‍	‍	‍	zero width joiner Not yet implemented in Netscape 6.0	ISOpub
⁄	⁄	⁄	fraction slash	ISOpub
¤	¤	¤	currency sign	ISOnum
¢	¢	¢	cent sign	ISOnum
£	£	£	pound sign hash mark	ISOnum
€	€	€	euro sign	ISOpub
¥	¥	¥	yen sign yuan sign	ISOnum
©	©	©	copyright sign	ISOnum
®	®	®	registered trademark	ISOnum
™	™	™	trademark	ISOnum
½	½	½	one half	ISOnum
¼	¼	¼	one quarter	ISOnum
¾	¾	¾	three quarters	ISOnum
¹	¹	¹	superscript one	ISOnum
²	²	²	superscript two	ISOnum
³	³	³	superscript three	ISOnum
µ	µ	µ	micro sign See also μ	ISOnum
·	·	·	middle dot Georgian comma Greek middle dot See also • and ⋅	ISOnum
ª	ª	ª	feminine ordinal indicator	ISOnum
º	º	º	masculine ordinal indicator	ISOnum
°	°	°	degree sign	ISOnum
÷	÷	÷	division sign	ISOnum
×	×	×	multiplication sign	ISOnum
±	±	±	plus or minus sign	ISOnum
	⌈	⌈	left ceiling apl upstile Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsc
	⌊	⌊	left floor apl downstile Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsc
	⌉	⌉	right ceiling Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsc
	⌋	⌋	right floor Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsc
◊	◊	◊	lozenge	ISOpub
♣	♣	♣	club suit shamrock	ISOpub
♦	♦	♦	diamond suit	ISOpub
♥	♥	♥	heart suit valentine	ISOpub
♠	♠	♠	spades suit	ISOpub
	⟨	〈	left-pointing angle bracket bra Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5 NOT the same as left-pointing angle quotation mark.	ISOtech
	⟩	〉	right-pointing angle bracket ket Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5 NOT the same as right-pointing angle quotation mark	ISOtech

Arrows
Character Produced	Entity Code	ASCII Code	Metacharacter Description	ISO Desig
	⇑	⇑	upwards double arrow Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsa
	⇓	⇓	downwards double arrow Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsa
↔	↔	↔	left right arrow	ISOamsa
⇔	⇔	⇔	left right double arrow	ISOamsa
↑	↑	↑	upwards arrow	ISOnum
↓	↓	↓	downwards arrow	ISOnum
←	←	←	leftwards arrow	ISOnum
→	→	→	rightwards arrow	ISOnum
	↵	↵	carriage return symbol Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOtech
	⇐	⇐	is implied by sign Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOtech
⇒	⇒	⇒	implies sign	ISOtech

Math & Logical Characters
Character Produced	Entity Code	ASCII Code	Metacharacter Description	ISO Desig
	ℑ	ℑ	imaginary part blackletter capital I Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsc
	ℜ	ℜ	real part blackletter capital R Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsc
	℘	℘	power set Weierstrass p script capital P Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsc
∠	∠	∠	angle	ISOamsc
⊥	⊥	⊥	perpendicular to orthogonal to up tack	ISOtech
⊕	⊕	⊕	direct sum sign circled plus	ISOamsb
	⊗	⊗	vector product sign circled times Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsb
∑	∑	∑	sumation sign n-ary sumation See also Σ	ISOamsb
∏	∏	∏	product sign n-ary product See also Π	ISOamsb
	∅	∅	null set empty set diameter Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsc
⊃	⊃	⊃	superset of	ISOamsn
⊇	⊇	⊇	superset of or equal to	ISOtech
⊂	⊂	⊂	subset of	ISOtech
	⊄	⊄	not a subset of Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsn
⊆	⊆	⊆	subset of or equal to	ISOtech
∩	∩	∩	intersection cap	ISOtech
∪	∪	∪	union cup	ISOtech
∈	∈	∈	element of	ISOtech
∋	∋	∋	contains as member ni	ISOtech
	∉	∉	not an element of Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOtech
∃	∃	∃	there exists	ISOtech
∀	∀	∀	for all	ISOtech
≤	≤	≤	less-than or equal to	ISOtech
≥	≥	≥	greater-than or equal to	ISOtech
≠	≠	≠	not equal to	ISOtech
∼	∼	∼	aproximately varies with similar to tilde operator NOT the same as the tilde character.	ISOtech
≈	≈	≈	almost equal to asymptotic to	ISOamsr
	≅	≅	approximately equal to Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOtech
≡	≡	≡	identical to	ISOtech
∝	∝	∝	proportional to	ISOtech
∞	∞	∞	infinity	ISOtech
ƒ	ƒ	ƒ	function symbol florin	ISOtech
∫	∫	∫	integral	ISOtech
∂	∂	∂	partial differential	ISOtech
.	⋅	⋅	dot operator NOT the same as middle dot See also • and ⋅ Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOamsb
*	∗	∗	times operator asterisk operator Not yet implemented in IExplorer 5.5	ISOtech
−	−	−	minus sign	ISOtech
∇	∇	∇	backward difference nabla	ISOtech
∧	∧	∧	logical and wedge	ISOtech
∨	∨	∨	logical or NOT the same as uppercase V.	ISOtech
√	√	√	square root radical sign	ISOtech
∴	∴	∴	therefore	ISOtech

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